Roma 1:18

The Condemnation of the Unrighteous

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people ¹  who suppress the truth by their ²  unrighteousness, ³ 

Roma 2:5

2:5 But because of your stubbornness ⁴  and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed! ⁵ 

Roma 2:8

2:8 but ⁶  wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition ⁷  and do not obey the truth but follow ⁸  unrighteousness.

Roma 3:5

3:5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates ⁹  the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? ¹⁰  (I am speaking in human terms.) ¹¹ 

Roma 5:9

5:9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous ¹²  by his blood, ¹³  we will be saved through him from God’s wrath. ¹⁴ 

Roma 9:22

9:22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects ¹⁵  of wrath ¹⁶  prepared for destruction? ¹⁷ 

[1:18]  ¹ tn The genitive ἀνθρώπων could be taken as an attributed genitive, in which case the phase should be translated “against all ungodly and unrighteous people” (cf. “the truth of God” in v. 25 which is also probably an attributed genitive). C. E. B. Cranfield takes the section 1:18-32 to refer to all people (not just Gentiles), while 2:1-3:20 points out that the Jew is no exception (Romans [ICC], 1:104-6; 1:137-38).

[1:18]  ² tn “Their” is implied in the Greek, but is supplied because of English style.

[1:18]  ³ tn Or “by means of unrighteousness.” Grk “in (by) unrighteousness.”

[2:5]  ⁴ tn Grk “hardness.” Concerning this imagery, see Jer 4:4; Ezek 3:7; 1 En. 16:3.

[2:5]  ⁵ tn Grk “in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God.”

[2:8]  ⁶ tn This contrast is clearer and stronger in Greek than can be easily expressed in English.

[2:8]  ⁷ tn Grk “those who [are] from selfish ambition.”

[2:8]  ⁸ tn Grk “are persuaded by, obey.”

[3:5]  ⁹ tn Or “shows clearly.”

[3:5]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “That God is not unjust to inflict wrath, is he?”

[3:5]  ¹¹ sn The same expression occurs in Gal 3:15, and similar phrases in Rom 6:19 and 1 Cor 9:8.

[5:9]  ¹² tn Grk “having now been declared righteous.” The participle δικαιωθέντες (dikaiwqente") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[5:9]  ¹³ tn Or, according to BDF §219.3, “at the price of his blood.”

[5:9]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “the wrath,” referring to God’s wrath as v. 10 shows.

[9:22]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “vessels.” This is the same Greek word used in v. 21.

[9:22]  ¹⁶ tn Or “vessels destined for wrath.” The genitive ὀργῆς (orghs) could be taken as a genitive of destination.

[9:22]  ¹⁷ tn Or possibly “objects of wrath that have fit themselves for destruction.” The form of the participle could be taken either as a passive or middle (reflexive). ExSyn 417-18 argues strongly for the passive sense (which is followed in the translation), stating that “the middle view has little to commend it.” First, καταρτίζω (katartizw) is nowhere else used in the NT as a direct or reflexive middle (a usage which, in any event, is quite rare in the NT). Second, the lexical force of this verb, coupled with the perfect tense, suggests something of a “done deal” (against some commentaries that see these vessels as ready for destruction yet still able to avert disaster). Third, the potter-clay motif seems to have one point: The potter prepares the clay.